This blog post contains the cited research references for the eleven-part blog post series on Psoas Major Function that is found on Learnmuscles.com.
Psoas Major Function: Summary of Psoas Major Function
Looking at the psoas major from a biomechanical perspective might be the key to understanding this elusive and controversial muscle.
Psoas Major Function: Psoas Major and Fascial Pulls
The psoas major’s has extensive fascial connections. The psoas major is part of the deep front line myofascial meridian (anatomy train).
Psoas Major Function: Psoas Major and the Sacroiliac Joint
The psoas major crosses the hip and spinal joints. However, it is often overlooked that the psoas major also crosses the sacroiliac joint.
Psoas Major Function: Stabilization of the Spine by the Psoas Major
A healthy joint is both mobile and stable. However, some sources are concerned about the psoas major’s compression/stabilization effect upon the spine.
Psoas Major Function: Spinal Joint Actions – Sagittal Plane
The psoas major’s sagittal plane lumbar spine joint action is by far its most controversial function. The term “psoas paradox” describes this controversy.
Psoas Major Function: Spinal Joint Actions – Frontal and Transverse Planes
The frontal plane spinal action of the psoas major is fairly clear; it crosses the spinal joints laterally, so it lateral flexes the spine to that side.
Psoas Major Function: Hip Joint Actions – Transverse Plane
The function of the psoas major has been claimed to be both medial rotation and lateral rotation. However, most sources agree that it is a lateral rotator.
Psoas Major Function: Hip Joint Actions – Frontal Plane
If the psoas major frontal plane open-chain action is abduction of the thigh at the hip joint, the closed-chain action is depression of the pelvis.
Psoas Major Function: Hip Joint Actions – Sagittal Plane
Note: This is the third blog post article in a series of 11 articles on Psoas Major Function. See below for the other articles in this series on psoas major function. The hip joint is a triaxial joint that allows …
Psoas Major Function: Biomechanics of the Psoas Major
The psoas major is first and foremost, a muscle of the hip joint; however it is more complicated because it also crosses the spinal joints.
Psoas Major Function: Introduction & Muscle Biomechanics
The Psoas Major may hold the distinction of being the most important as well as the most misunderstood muscle in the human body.
What are the self-care and medical approaches to piriformis syndrome?
Self-care for piriformis syndrome involves heat followed by stretching. The client can perform either the Figure-4 or the horizontal adduction stretch.
Assessment and Treatment of Specific Musculoskeletal Conditions of the Neck
This blog post introduces and explains how the manual therapist can perform assessment and treatment for specific musculoskeletal conditions of the neck.
Treatment Strategy and Treatment Techniques for the Neck
Sound Treatment Strategy: To perform effective manual therapy, frequency of care should be structured as in every other world of rehab: 2-3 x per week.
Special Orthopedic Assessment Tests – Vertebral Artery Competency Test
Vertebral artery competency test assessment is critically important to be performed if the neck will be stretched or mobilized during treatment.
Orthopedic Assessment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – Brachial Plexus Tension Test
The brachial plexus tension test (BPTT) is actually a series of three tests, each one designed to assess one of the three major nerves that enter the hand.
Orthopedic Assessment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – Adson’s, Eden’s, Wright’s
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a very common set of posture dysfunctional patterns. Adson’s, Eden’s, & Wright’s tests are designed to assess TOS.
Special Orthopedic Assessment Tests – Space Occupying Conditions – Slump Test
The slump test places tension on the spinal cord and PNS. It assesses a space occupying condition of the cervical and lumbar spine, as well as TOS.
Special Orthopedic Assessment Tests for the Neck – Space Occupying Conditions
The term “space occupying condition” is used to describe a condition in which there is compression on a spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen.
Motion Palpation (Joint Play) Assessment of the Neck
Motion palpation is a specific form of passive (pin and stretch technique) assessment that challenges the intrinsic fascial tissue of the joint.
Palpation Assessment of the Neck
Perhaps no assessment procedure is more important to the manual therapist and integral to musculoskeletal (myofascioskeletal) assessment than palpation.
Neck General Orthopedic Assessment: Range of Motion and Manual Resistance
General orthopedic assessment testing includes three assessment techniques, two types of range of motion (ROM) assessment and manual resistance assessment.
Postural Assessment of the Neck
Postural assessment: Good posture is balanced and symmetrical & does not place excessive stress on the body. Bad posture is asymmetrical and/or imbalanced.
Overview of Physical Examination Assessment of the Neck
If a physical examination assessment test creates signs/symptoms of the condition, it is positive and the therapist knows that tissue is unhealthy.
Verbal and Written Health History
The health history should be done before the physical assessment exam because it helps reveal the regions that need to be assessed during the physical exam.
Introduction to Assessment/Diagnosis of the Neck
Before treatment can be given, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the mechanism behind the musculoskeletal pathologic condition.
Other Unusual Suspects
Semispinalis capitis, pectineus, & vastus lateralis are unusual suspect muscles, often overlooked by manual therapists, that can cause pain and dysfunction.
The Unusual Suspects – Longus Colli and Longus Capitis
The longus colli and longus capitis are deep flexors of the neck that often become locked short and cause neck pain, especially when swallowing.
The Unusual Suspects – Sternohyoid
The sternohyoid is an infrahyoid muscle of the anterior neck that attaches from the sternum inferiorly to the hyoid bone superiorly and may cause neck pain.
