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manual therapy treatment of lower crossed syndrome includes massage to the muscles of the low back

A manual therapy case study on lower crossed syndrome.

Case Study: Kori is a 30-year-old store clerk. Her low back has been tight for as long as she can remember, but she never had any pain until recently.

anterior tilt of the pelviscase-study high-heeled shoesExercisefacet syndromeFascial adhesionshyperlordosisJandaLordosislower crossed syndromelumbar spinePelvic tiltpilatespostural assessmentpostural distortion patternposturestretchingUpper crossed syndrome
A seated stretch for the low back extensor musculature is beneficial for lower crossed syndrome

What are the self-care and medical approaches to lower crossed syndrome?

For the client with lower crossed syndrome, it is also important to recommend moist heat followed by stretching of the low back and hip flexor musculature.

anterior tilt of the pelvisExercisefacet syndromeFascial adhesionshigh-heeled shoeshyperlordosisJandaLordosislower crossed syndromelumbar spinePelvic tiltpilatespostural assessmentpostural distortion patternpostureself-carestretchingUpper crossed syndrome
manual therapy double knee to chest stretch for lower crossed syndrome is beneficial

How do we treat lower crossed syndrome with manual therapy?

If consistent manual therapy care is given, including heat, massage, and stretching, lower crossed syndrome responds very well to treatment.

anterior tilt of the pelvisfacet syndromeFascial adhesionshyperlordosisJandaLordosislower crossed syndromelumbar spinemanual therapymassagemoist heatPelvic tiltpin and stretchpostural assessmentpostural distortion patternposturestrengtheningstretchingUpper crossed syndrome
lower crossed syndrome is seen in Figure A

Signs, symptoms, and assessment (diagnosis) of Lower Crossed Syndrome

Assessment of lower crossed syndrome is made by the characteristic postural dysfunction of increased anterior pelvic tilt with hyperlordotic lumbar spine.

anterior tilt of the pelvis. pelvic tiltfacet syndromehyperlordosisJandaLordosislower crossed syndromelumbar spinepostural assessmentpostural distortion patternpostureUpper crossed syndrome
lower crossed syndrome is characterized by increased anterior tilt of the pelvis and a hyperlordotic lumbar spine

What is lower crossed syndrome and what are its causes?

Vladimir Janda’s lower crossed syndrome is characterized by increased anterior tilt of the pelvis and a hyperlordotic lumbar spine.

anterior tilt of the pelvishyperlordosisJandaLordosislower crossed syndromelumbar spinePelvic tiltpostural distortion patternposturesacral base angleUpper crossed syndrome
part of self-care for a low back strain os having proper bending postures as seen here by bending at the hips, knees, and ankles

What are the self-care and medical approaches to low back strains and sprains?

Self care for a low back strain / sprain involves avoiding offending postures and activities such as bending and lifting, and using heat and stretching.

case studyerector spinaelumbarlumbosacralQuadratus Lumborumself-caresprainstrain
manual therapy for a low back strain / sprain should include massage to the musculature to reduce the spasming

How do we treat low back strains and sprains with manual therapy?

For a low back strain / sprain, because the muscles of the low back are so large and powerful, the first goal of manual therapy is to reduce the spasming.

arthrofascial stretchingjoint mobilizationlow backlumbar spinelumbosacralmanual therapymassagesprainstrainstretching
straight leg raise orthopedic assessment test for a client with low back sprain / strain

Signs, symptoms, and assessment of low back strains and sprains

A low back sprain and strain present a similar clinical picture. The client/patient will have low back spasming and pain, which will increase with motion.

assessmentdiagnosisfascialow backlumbarlumbosacralmanual resistancemyofasciaOrthopedic testrange of motionROMsprainstraight leg raisestrain
bending over often causes a low back sprain or strain

What are the causes of low back strains and sprains?

The two most common causes for a low back sprain / strain are macrotrauma and repetitive microtraumas, often involving bending and lifting.

fascialow backlumbarlumbosacralmyofasciasprainstrain
Rolling the lateral thigh can help the client with iliotibial band friction syndrome

Self-care and medical approaches to iliotibial band friction syndrome

Self-care for iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) begins with RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. And offending activities should be avoided.

Foam rollingIliotibial bandiliotibial band friction syndromeITBmanual therapymassageRICEstretching
Manual therapy for iliotibial band friction syndrome would likely include massage and stretching the lateral thigh

How do we treat iliotibial band friction syndrome with manual therapy?

Manual therapy for iliotibial band friction syndrome is directed toward reducing the inflammation of the condition and correcting its underlying cause.

Foam rollingIliotibial bandiliotibial band friction syndromeITBmanual therapymassagestretching
Challenging adduction of the thigh can assist in assessing iliotibial band friction syndrome

Signs, symptoms, and assessment (diagnosis) of iliotibial band friction

The most common symptom of iliotibial band friction syndrome is pain in the distal lateral thigh over the lateral epicondyle of the femur.

Iliotibial bandiliotibial band friction syndromeITBOber’s testthigh pain
iliotibial band friction syndrome causes pain at the distal lateral thigh over the lateral epicondyle of the femur

What is iliotibial band friction syndrome and what are its causes?

Iliotibial band friction syndrome is a condition in which the iliotibial band rubs against the lateral epicondyle of the femur.

fascia lataIliotibial bandiliotibial band friction syndromeITB
self care for a chronic hamstring strain includes stretching the hamstrings

What are the self-care and medical approaches to hamstring strain?

Moist heat & stretching are beneficial for chronic hamstring strain to prevent muscular hypertonicity, myofascial trigger points, and myofascial adhesions.

hamstring strainRICEself-carestretching
manual therapy for a hamstring strain usually include massage of the hamstrings

How do we treat hamstring strain with manual therapy?

The goal of manual therapy for a chronic hamstring strain is to decrease hamstring hypertonicity and help promote healthy scar formation.

hamstring pullhamstring strainmanual therapymassageRICEstretching
Assessment of a hamstring strain includes palpation

Signs, symptoms, and assessment (diagnosis) of hamstring strain?

The most common symptom of hamstring strain is pain at the site of the strain. When acute the pain is sharp; when chronic, the pain is usually dull.

ecchymosishamstring pullhamstring strainmyofascial trigger pointpalpationspasmthigh pain
A hamstring strain is tearing of the hamstring musculature. Superficial posterior view of the muscle of the thigh

What is hamstring strain and what are its causes?

A hamstring strain, also known in lay terms as a hamstring pull, is by definition a tearing of the hamstring musculature.

Biceps femorishamstring pullhamstring strainsemimembranosussemitendinosus
A client with frozen shoulder has decreased range of motion at the glenohumeral joint

What are the self-care and medical approaches to frozen shoulder?

An easy & effective self-care stretch for frozen shoulder is the “finger walk” on a wall. To warm the tissues, heat should be applied before stretching.

case studyfrozen shoulderGlenohumeral jointmanual therapyrange of motionself-carestretching
joint mobilization is essential for treatment of frozen shoulder

How do we treat frozen shoulder with manual therapy?

Manual therapy stretching and joint mobilization are two essential treatment modalities when working on a client with frozen shoulder.

arthrofascial stretchingfrozen shoulderGlenohumeral jointJoint manipulationjoint mobilizationmanual therapymassagerange of motionstretching
A client with frozen shoulder has decreased range of motion at the glenohumeral joint

Signs, symptoms, and assessment (diagnosis) of frozen shoulder

The most common sign of frozen shoulder is decreased GH joint range of motion. Most commonly affected motions are abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation.

adhesionsadhesive capsulitisfrozen shoulderGlenohumeral jointrange of motion
Frozen shoulder affects glenohumeral joint motion and the rotator cuff muscles become tight

What are the causes of frozen shoulder?

Frozen shoulder is a condition in which the glenohumeral joint loses mobility. The two stages are neurogenic frozen shoulder and adhesive capsulitis.

adhesionsadhesive capsulitisfrozen shoulderGlenohumeral jointneurogenicrange of motionrotator cuff
self care for de Quervain's syndrome includes stretching the involved muscles of the thumb

What are the self-care and medical approaches to De Quervain’s Syndrome?

Perhaps the most important self-care advice for De Quervain’s syndrome is to avoid as much as possible offending postures and activities of the thumb.

Abductor pollicis longuscase studyDe Quervain’s diseaseDe Quervain’s stenosing tenosynovitisDe Quervain’s syndromeExtensor pollicis brevismanual therapyself-carestretching
Manual therapy for De Quervain's Syndrome includes massage to the associated muscles of the thumb in the posterior forearm

How do we treat De Quervain’s syndrome with manual therapy?

Once present, De Quervain’s syndrome (De Quervain’s disease) can be challenging to resolve, but manual therapy treatment can be very beneficial.

Abductor pollicis longusDe Quervain’s diseaseDe Quervain’s stenosing tenosynovitisDe Quervain’s syndromeExtensor pollicis brevismanual therapymassagestretchingthumb painwrist pain
Finklestein's Test for De Quervain's Syndrome

Signs, symptoms, and assessment (diagnosis) of De Quervain’s syndrome

Assessment / Diagnosis for De Quervain’s syndrome is done by a special orthopedic assessment test procedure known as Finklestein’s Test.

Abductor pollicis longusassessmentDe Quervain’s diseaseDe Quervain’s stenosing tenosynovitisDe Quervain’s syndromediagnosisExtensor pollicis brevisthumb painwrist pain
Excessive use of a smart phone can cause De Quervain's Syndrome

What are the causes of De Quervain’s Syndrome?

De Quervain’s syndrome is caused by overuse of the thumb, specifically the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles.

Abductor pollicis longusDe Quervain’s diseaseDe Quervain’s stenosing tenosynovitisDe Quervain’s syndromeExtensor pollicis brevistexting thumbthumb painwrist pain
Strengthening the evertors of the foot can help with ankle sprain

What are the self-care and medical approaches to ankle sprain?

Self-care for chronic inversion ankle sprain involves strengthening the associated musculature: the fibularis (peroneal) muscles.

ankle spraininversion sprainplatelet rich plasmaPRPRICEstrengtheningthera bandthera tubing
massage for a client with an inversion ankle sprain

How do we treat an ankle sprain with manual therapy?

Manual therapy treatment for an acute inversion ankle sprain is aimed at decreasing swelling and inflammation and relieving associated muscle spasming.

ankle sprainiceinversion sprainmanual therapymassagestrengthen
an inversion ankle sprain

Signs, symptoms, and assessment (diagnosis) of ankle sprain

When an inversion sprain is acute, the typical signs and symptoms are pain and swelling (inflammation) in the lateral ankle near the lateral malleolus.

ankle sprainecchymosisinflammationinversion sprainPainpalpationrange of motionswellingvisual inspection
an inversion ankle sprain tears the lateral ligaments at the ankle joint

What is an ankle sprain and what are its causes?

The ankle is the most commonly sprained joint in the human body. An ankle sprain is a traumatic injury that results in tearing of ligaments of the joint.

ankle sprainanterior talofibular ligamentinversion sprain
Stretching the adductor muscles is beneficial for a chronic adductor strain

What are the self-care and medical approaches to adductor strain?

Self-care for the client/patient during the acute stage of an adductor strain (groin pull) is RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

adductor straingroin pullRICEself-carestretching
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